Technical Specification for KN-93Z Automatic Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Flash Point Tester. Base Configuration: Automated flammability evaluation engine conforming strictly to ASTM D93 (Procedures A, B, and C) and ISO 2719 standards. Features electronic flash detection, automatic barometric pressure correction, built-in dual ignition modes (gas flame and electric wire igniter option), and integrated 57mm thermal printer. Operational Range: Ambient room temperature up to 250.0°C. Accuracy: +/-2°C for target temps <=110°C, and +/-4°C for targets >110°C. Lab Safety and Environment Constraints: Highly recommended for installation inside a dedicated laboratory fume hood to block external draft airflows from disrupting the ignition sweep path. Power Parameters: Rated load <=450W, Voltage: AC 220V +/-10%, 50Hz/60Hz. Shutdown Sequence: Internal forced cooling fan active post-test until chamber drops to ambient to prevent thermal stress and hardware component aging.